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Latex -- 入门学习

Jacob posted @ Aug 07, 2017 07:28:59 PM in LaTex with tags latex , 808 阅读

Before we go:

LaTex 的特点:

1.LaTeX是一类用于编辑和排版的软件,用于生成PDF文档。
2.LaTeX编辑和排版的核心思想在于,通过\section和\paragraph等语句,规定了每一句话在文章中所从属的层次,从而极大方便了对各个层次批量处理。
3.LaTeX在使用体验方面,最不易被Word替代的有四个方面:方便美观的数学公式编辑、不会乱动的退格对齐、非所见即所得

因此可以在编辑的时候用退格和换行整理思路,但生成PDF出来不影响美观、部分导师和刊物不接受Word排版的文章。


1.hello world

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
hello, world
\end{document}

ps:why the first test sample is always hello world?

quote from my teacher:"Because this proves you have successfully installed the needed environment.

2.标题、作者和注释

\documentclass{article}
\author{My Name}
\title{The Title}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
hello, world % This is comment
\end{document}

默认是有时间的,如果不想要日期的话
\documentclass{article}
\author{My Name}
\title{The Title}
\date{}
\begin{document}
	\maketitle
	hello, world % This is comment
\end{document}

3.章节和段落

\documentclass{article}
\title{Brief Introduction}
\begin{document}
	\maketitle
	\section{Hello China} China is in East Asia.
	\subsection{Hello Beijing} Beijing is the capital of China.
	\subsubsection{Hello Dongcheng District}
	\paragraph{Tian'anmen Square}is in the center of Beijing
	\subparagraph{Chairman Mao} is in the center of Tian'anmen Square
	\subsection{Hello Guangzhou}
	\paragraph{Harbin Institute of Technology} is the best university in the northeast China.
\end{document}

4.加入目录

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Hello China} China is in East Asia.
\subsection{Hello Beijing} Beijing is the capital of China.
\subsubsection{Hello Dongcheng District}
\paragraph{Hello Tian'anmen Square}is in the center of Beijing
\subparagraph{Hello Chairman Mao} is in the center of Tian'anmen Square
\end{document}

5.数学公式

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\begin{document}
The Newton's second law is F=ma.

The Newton's second law is $F=ma$.

The Newton's second law is
$$F=ma$$

The Newton's second law is
\[F=ma\]

Greek Letters $\eta$ and $\mu$

Fraction $\frac{a}{b}$

Power $a^b$

Subscript $a_b$

Derivate $\frac{\partial y}{\partial t} $

Vector $\vec{n}$

Bold $\mathbf{n}$

To time differential $\dot{F}$

Matrix (lcr here means left, center or right for each column)
\[
\left[
\begin{array}{lcr}
a1 & b22 & c333 \\
d444 & e555555 & f6
\end{array}
\right]
\]

Equations(here \& is the symbol for aligning different rows)
\begin{align}
a+b&=c\\
d&=e+f+g
\end{align}

\[
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
&a+b=c\\
&d=e+f+g
\end{aligned}
\right.
\]

\end{document}

如果想用其他格式的话可以是去查看手册或者参考别人的文档

5.插入图片

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
\includegraphics[width=4.00in,height=3.00in]{Model.png}
\end{document}
注:图片要和文档放在同一文件夹下面

6.插入表格

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
a & b \\
c & d\\
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
a & b \\
\hline
c & d\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
a & b \\ \hline
c & d\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{document}

7.中文支持

\documentclass{ctexart}
\begin{document}
你好,世界
\end{document}

只需要把开头的\documentclass{atricle}换成\documentclass{ctexart}就可以了。
如果是第一次使用ctexart的话,会自动下载和安装宏包和模板,之后就不会再下载了。


写在最后:

1.宏包
\package{}就是在调用宏包,对计算机实在外行的同学姑且可以理解为工具箱。
每一个宏包里都定义了一些专门的命令,通过这些命令可以实现对于一类对象(如数学公式等)的统一排版(如字号字形),或用来实现一些功能(如插入图片或制作复杂表格)。
通常在\documentclass之后,在\begin{document}之前,将文章所需要涉及的宏包都罗列上。
对于新人而言比较常用的宏包有

编辑数学公式的宏包:\usepackage{amsmath}和 \usepackage{amssymb}
编辑数学定理和证明过程的宏包:\usepackage{amsthm}
插入图片的宏包:\usepackage{graphicx}
复杂表格的宏包:\usepackage{multirow}

差不多了,对于新人来说,这五个宏包已经基本够用了。如果有其他的特殊需求,就通过google去寻找吧。
补充说明一下,现在ctexart模板里集成了中文支持,所以CJK宏包并不是必需品。

 


2.模板
模板就是在\documentclass{}后面的大括号里的内容。
在这一份教程中,我们使用的是LaTeX默认自带的模板article,以及中文模板ctexart。
模板就是实现我之前所介绍的LaTeX的经验总结的第二点的实现方式。
一篇文章,我们定义了section,定义了paragraph,就是没有定义字体字号,因为字体字号这一部分通常来说是在模板中实现的。
一个模板可以规定,section这个层级都用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐,subsection这个层级用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐,paragraph又用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐。当然模板里还可以包含一些自定义的口令,以及页眉页脚页边距一类的页面设置。由于模板的使用,在我的使用经验里来看,绝对不可能算是基本入门级的内容,所以在正文里当然不会提及。如果有人实在想学,如果LaTeX已经接触到这个程度上了,那么再去翻其他厚一些的教材,也不亏了。



3.参考文献和制作幻灯片
做参考文献的时候,文章也已经快写到尾声了,而幻灯片更不是进阶一些的需求。对这两个功能有需求的LaTeX user,使用LaTeX也已经相当熟练了,自己去google一下或查阅其他厚教程是很理所当然的,一点也不冤枉。
在此我就只提供两个搜索关键词,参考文献可以搜bibtex,制作幻灯片可以搜beamer。

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