LaTex 的特点:
1.LaTeX是一类用于编辑和排版的软件,用于生成PDF文档。
2.LaTeX编辑和排版的核心思想在于,通过\section和\paragraph等语句,规定了每一句话在文章中所从属的层次,从而极大方便了对各个层次批量处理。
3.LaTeX在使用体验方面,最不易被Word替代的有四个方面:方便美观的数学公式编辑、不会乱动的退格对齐、非所见即所得
因此可以在编辑的时候用退格和换行整理思路,但生成PDF出来不影响美观、部分导师和刊物不接受Word排版的文章。
1.hello world
\documentclass{article} \begin{document} hello, world \end{document}
ps:why the first test sample is always hello world?
quote from my teacher:"Because this proves you have successfully installed the needed environment.
2.标题、作者和注释
\documentclass{article} \author{My Name} \title{The Title} \begin{document} \maketitle hello, world % This is comment \end{document}
默认是有时间的,如果不想要日期的话
\documentclass{article} \author{My Name} \title{The Title} \date{} \begin{document} \maketitle hello, world % This is comment \end{document}
3.章节和段落
\documentclass{article} \title{Brief Introduction} \begin{document} \maketitle \section{Hello China} China is in East Asia. \subsection{Hello Beijing} Beijing is the capital of China. \subsubsection{Hello Dongcheng District} \paragraph{Tian'anmen Square}is in the center of Beijing \subparagraph{Chairman Mao} is in the center of Tian'anmen Square \subsection{Hello Guangzhou} \paragraph{Harbin Institute of Technology} is the best university in the northeast China. \end{document}
4.加入目录
\documentclass{article} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \section{Hello China} China is in East Asia. \subsection{Hello Beijing} Beijing is the capital of China. \subsubsection{Hello Dongcheng District} \paragraph{Hello Tian'anmen Square}is in the center of Beijing \subparagraph{Hello Chairman Mao} is in the center of Tian'anmen Square \end{document}
5.数学公式
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \begin{document} The Newton's second law is F=ma. The Newton's second law is $F=ma$. The Newton's second law is $$F=ma$$ The Newton's second law is \[F=ma\] Greek Letters $\eta$ and $\mu$ Fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ Power $a^b$ Subscript $a_b$ Derivate $\frac{\partial y}{\partial t} $ Vector $\vec{n}$ Bold $\mathbf{n}$ To time differential $\dot{F}$ Matrix (lcr here means left, center or right for each column) \[ \left[ \begin{array}{lcr} a1 & b22 & c333 \\ d444 & e555555 & f6 \end{array} \right] \] Equations(here \& is the symbol for aligning different rows) \begin{align} a+b&=c\\ d&=e+f+g \end{align} \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} &a+b=c\\ &d=e+f+g \end{aligned} \right. \] \end{document}
如果想用其他格式的话可以是去查看手册或者参考别人的文档
5.插入图片
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics[width=4.00in,height=3.00in]{Model.png} \end{document} 注:图片要和文档放在同一文件夹下面
6.插入表格
\documentclass{article} \begin{document} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} a & b \\ c & d\\ \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline a & b \\ \hline c & d\\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline a & b \\ \hline c & d\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{document}
7.中文支持
\documentclass{ctexart} \begin{document} 你好,世界 \end{document}
只需要把开头的\documentclass{atricle}换成\documentclass{ctexart}就可以了。
如果是第一次使用ctexart的话,会自动下载和安装宏包和模板,之后就不会再下载了。
1.宏包
\package{}就是在调用宏包,对计算机实在外行的同学姑且可以理解为工具箱。
每一个宏包里都定义了一些专门的命令,通过这些命令可以实现对于一类对象(如数学公式等)的统一排版(如字号字形),或用来实现一些功能(如插入图片或制作复杂表格)。
通常在\documentclass之后,在\begin{document}之前,将文章所需要涉及的宏包都罗列上。
对于新人而言比较常用的宏包有
编辑数学公式的宏包:\usepackage{amsmath}和 \usepackage{amssymb}
编辑数学定理和证明过程的宏包:\usepackage{amsthm}
插入图片的宏包:\usepackage{graphicx}
复杂表格的宏包:\usepackage{multirow}
差不多了,对于新人来说,这五个宏包已经基本够用了。如果有其他的特殊需求,就通过google去寻找吧。
补充说明一下,现在ctexart模板里集成了中文支持,所以CJK宏包并不是必需品。
2.模板
模板就是在\documentclass{}后面的大括号里的内容。
在这一份教程中,我们使用的是LaTeX默认自带的模板article,以及中文模板ctexart。
模板就是实现我之前所介绍的LaTeX的经验总结的第二点的实现方式。
一篇文章,我们定义了section,定义了paragraph,就是没有定义字体字号,因为字体字号这一部分通常来说是在模板中实现的。
一个模板可以规定,section这个层级都用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐,subsection这个层级用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐,paragraph又用什么字体什么字号怎么对齐。当然模板里还可以包含一些自定义的口令,以及页眉页脚页边距一类的页面设置。由于模板的使用,在我的使用经验里来看,绝对不可能算是基本入门级的内容,所以在正文里当然不会提及。如果有人实在想学,如果LaTeX已经接触到这个程度上了,那么再去翻其他厚一些的教材,也不亏了。
3.参考文献和制作幻灯片
做参考文献的时候,文章也已经快写到尾声了,而幻灯片更不是进阶一些的需求。对这两个功能有需求的LaTeX user,使用LaTeX也已经相当熟练了,自己去google一下或查阅其他厚教程是很理所当然的,一点也不冤枉。
在此我就只提供两个搜索关键词,参考文献可以搜bibtex,制作幻灯片可以搜beamer。
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